長(zhǎng)難句的學(xué)習(xí)，是我們提高閱讀能力最基本的一步。

　　那么怎么來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)長(zhǎng)難句吶?下面我們來(lái)說(shuō)一下復(fù)習(xí)長(zhǎng)難句的三個(gè)方法：結(jié)構(gòu)分析法， 意群閱讀法和重點(diǎn)詞匯合理推測(cè)法。

　　下面我們通過實(shí)例來(lái)講解一下如何通過這三種方法來(lái)加強(qiáng)我們對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解。

　　一、結(jié)構(gòu)分析法：

　　通過句法，語(yǔ)法分析，迅速弄清句子的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，分辨出是簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句還是復(fù)合句?然后哪些是修飾成分?這些修飾成分的修飾對(duì)象是誰(shuí)?從而迅速理清這個(gè)句子的主體意思。

　　比如：

　　范例1：

　　There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion, which gradually wear away exposed landforms.

　　簡(jiǎn)單句

　　2、主干：

　　there are…influences ….: constructive processes…. and destructive forces…

　　3、修飾成分：

　　influences that shape the terrain

　　processes such as uplift, which create

　　forces such as erosion, which gradually

　　即使有些地方看不懂，但整句話的主體意思卻已經(jīng)一目了然了。

　　范例2：

　　Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

　　1.復(fù)合句not…until….

　　2.主干：Not one of the potential investors is expected …until a merger agreement is signed….

　　3.修飾成分：

　　expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank

　　a merger agreement is signed that includes…

　　that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were

　　二、意群閱讀法：

　　意群：幾個(gè)表示同類意思的詞或者語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　讀意群就是把這幾個(gè)詞或者語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)作為一個(gè)個(gè)體來(lái)看，才能夠 從整體上理解這句話的意思， 從而提高閱讀速度。

　　范例1：

　　That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors` charge is commonly recognized by advocate of free-market economic theories.

　　1、 主干：That …is …recognized by

　　2、意群:

　　主語(yǔ)：

　　(1) 主語(yǔ)意群：each large firm 每個(gè)大公司

　　(2) 賓語(yǔ)意群：act with….. and thus avoid ….

　　出于各自的利益考慮而行動(dòng)， 將避免其產(chǎn)品賣的比其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者更昂貴

　　謂語(yǔ)意群：is commonly

　　賓語(yǔ)意群：recognized by ……被自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的支持者所認(rèn)識(shí)

　　范例2：

　　If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties

　　1、主干：If the competitor can prove …the United States company’s products will be…

　　2、意群：

　　主語(yǔ)意群：the United States company’s products美國(guó)公司的產(chǎn)品

　　系表結(jié)構(gòu)：will be uncompetitive

　　If和since引導(dǎo)的從句可以劃分為兩個(gè)意群：

　　1)If the competitor can prove injury—and that

　　如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠證明受了進(jìn)口的傷害—而且能夠證明美國(guó)公司在國(guó)外設(shè)廠時(shí)接受了外國(guó)政府的資助

　　2)還有一個(gè)since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句since they would be subject to duties

　　因?yàn)檫@些產(chǎn)品將被征稅

　　三、重點(diǎn)詞匯合理推測(cè)法：

　　很多長(zhǎng)難句里面除了常規(guī)的詞匯以外，還會(huì)有一些專業(yè)詞匯，特別陌生，少見的詞匯以及一些抽象詞匯，如何處理這些詞匯，從而增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)句子理解，同樣重要。一般我們通過以下幾點(diǎn)來(lái)處理這些詞匯。

　　根據(jù)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系處理：

　　Semantics，the study of them earning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

　　Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others。

　　What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of the brain located in the back of the skull.

　　2)根據(jù)詞根進(jìn)行合理推斷：

　　I’m illiterate about such things.

　　Insecticide is applied where it is needed.

　　3)忽略不必要的生詞

　　Robert is six years old, and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer.

　　Since the start of the space age, orbits near Earth have become more and more littered, often from the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks, and payload covers.

　　通過上面這三個(gè)方法的練習(xí)， 相信我們對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解力肯定會(huì)提高很多。