小編今天為大家整理了新GRE閱讀科學的備考方法,供各位新GRE考生進行參考。
GMAT/GRE閱讀文章第四篇:
Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature.
Archaeology和literature之間的關系是什么?
Archaeological finds有助于ancient literature
Still這個詞在這里的作用是?
告訴我們考古學的作用之前重要,現在仍然很重要
所以我們期待的下文應該是當代考古學和古代文學之間的一直以來的關系。
提醒:still這個詞是否在下文中被解釋說明了?
For example, forty years ago a survey of the early Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays would have started with The Suppliant Women.
看到for example很開心,舉例子的目的是在?
解釋說明前面一句話
此句中那些部分是在解釋說明上一句,即哪些有對應?
Forty years ago對應still
Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays=The Suppliant Women=ancient literature
Many factors internal to the play, but perhaps most especially the prominence of the chorus (which in this play has the main role), led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works. The consensus was that here was a drama truly reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric.
The Suppliant Women和考古學的關系是?
很多人認為它是A這個人的早起作品。
劃線句子和上文的關系是?
支持,解釋說明
Here was a drama,這里的drama指的是?
The Suppliant Women
哪些詞是需要我們記下來的關于The Suppliant Women的特點?
Consensus(反映了大家的一致觀點),reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric
The play was dated as early as the 490’s B.C., in any event , well before Aeschylus’ play The Persians of 472 B.C.
The play指代的是?
The Suppliant Women
這里的兩個時間(490’s B.C. VS 472 B.C.)對比,體現了上文的什么?
led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works,認為The Suppliant Women是早期作品
這里又出現了A 這個人的另一部作品The Persians,所以應當提醒自己下文是否出現了這兩件作品的關系?
Then, in 1952, a fragment of papyrus found at Oxyrhynchus was published stating the official circumstances and results of a dramatic contest.
1952年可以作為我們的一個定位點。并且提示我們這里應該和什么產生關系了?
考古學。
劃線部分是否和上文有關?暗示我們什么?
有關系。
Contest告訴我們觀點要轉折了,所以期待下面的觀點(關于The Suppliant Women的年代)出現不一致的觀點
怎樣體現了和文學之間的關系?繼續往下看
The fragment announced that Aeschylus won first prize with his Danaid tetralogy, of which The Suppliant Women is the opening play, and defeated Sophocles in the process.
劃線部分指代的是?
上文的1952年出土的碎片。
這里的Danaid tetralogy是全新的概念嘛?
不是,和The Suppliant Women 有關系,包含。
A這個人用Danaid tetralogy(以The Suppliant Women開篇的)贏得了個獎。打敗了Sophocles
思考,Sophocles應該是什么?
跟dramatic contest有關系,即也屬于ancient literature。
這句話是對上一句的一個解釋說明。
Sophocles did not compete in any dramatic contest before 468 B.C., when he won his first victory. Hence, except by special pleading (e. g., that the tetralogy was composed early in Aeschylus’ career but not produced until the 460’s B.C.), the Danaid tetralogy must be put after 468 B.C.
讀到這,發現S是個人,那既然能和A比較,就有相似之處,應該都是寫劇本的。
S 這個人次參賽是在468 B.C.,也是在此時獲得次成功。
Danaid tetralogy打敗了S這個人意味著什么?
在此之前都是S一直位居,然后被拖下來了。
所以作者在這里告訴我們,Danaid tetralogy肯定是在S贏得次勝利之后,也就是468 B.C.之后。
In addition, a few letters in the fragment suggest the name Archedemides, archon in 463 B.C., thus perhaps tying the plays to that precise date, almost exactly halfway between Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes of 467 B.C. and his Oresteia.
In addition提示我們這句話是順承(遞進)關系
這里需要我們記下來的東西是463 B.C(一直做筆記,發現這篇文章的時間定位點很多,注意記錄,每個時間點都發生了生么事情。)
因為fragment里面提到了Archedemides這個名字(他是463B.C.的人物)所以也還原了這個劇作的準確時間。
The play指代的是?
The Suppliant Women
根據此句話,The Suppliant Women出現的時間應該是?
在Seven Against Thebes of 467 B.C. 和 his Oresteia之間。
總結一下段的內容:一直以來我們認為A這個人的作品The Suppliant Women是屬于他的早期作品的(490’s B.C.);但是出土的碎片展示了一些證據,質疑了這個觀點:其實創作The Suppliant Women的年代沒有我們想的那么早(大概是463B.C.)
下面開始第二段
The implication of the papyrus administered a severe shock to the vast majority of classical scholars, who had confidently asserted that not only the role of the chorus but also language, metrics, and characterization all pointed to an early date.
這句話的主干是?
The implication administered a shock
The implication指代的是?
The fragment of papyrus,出土的碎片所指示的時間點。
這句話里的shock指代的是什么
classical scholars所認為的 “pointed to an early date”,出土的碎片和古典學者所認為的時間上的不統一。后者認為chorus,language,metrics,和characterization都提示我們The Suppliant Women的時間比出土的碎片所指的時間更早
所以這句話和段最后的觀點的關系是?
順承,并未出現轉折。出土的碎片使得那些認為The Suppliant Women是在490’s B.C.創作出來的人們大為震驚。
The discovery has resulted in no less than a total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays.
The discovery指代的是?
出土的fragment of papyrus
chronological criterion是新概念嘛?
不是,就是之前一直說的關于The Suppliant Women年代的確定。
所以這句話仍然繼續上問的話題,什么和什么之間的關系?
考古學(出土的碎片)對于古文學的作用。
碎片的發現使得我們要重新界定A的劇作的時間。
The activity has been brisk, and a new creed has now spread. The prominence of the chorus in The Suppliant Women now is seen not as a sign of primitivism but as analogous to the massive choral songs of the Oresteia.
根據出土出來的碎片我們發現了The Suppliant Women和Oresteia的關系是?
Analogous
既然本篇文章都是要通過考古,來去確定The Suppliant Women的確切時間,根據analogous這個詞我們可以大膽推測,應該是和Oresteia時期差不多的。這個觀點在段的結尾已經被提出了。
Statistics have been formulated, or reformulated, to show that stylistically The Suppliant Women does actually occupy a position after The Persians and Seven Against Thebes, which now become the “primitive” plays, and
小編就介紹到這里啦!
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