托福閱讀是很多考生會花大力氣去攻克的一個部分，特別文章中出現的長難句，想要快速看懂需要具有一定的英語基礎。得先了解它都考些什么~

　　托福閱讀題型

　　各類題型特征及解題方法：

　　詞匯題

　　問法：The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____

　　指代題

　　問法：The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to

　　事實題

　　問法：According to the passage， what/ which/ why/ when?

　　推斷題（需要精確理解）

　　問法：What can we infer from the passage?

　　注意：既然是 infer，imply，就一定不是原文中明確說出的，而是需要我們通過閱讀文章，有根據地進行推測得出的結果。

　　舉例說明概述題（例子的作用）

　　插入句子題

　　將選項中所給的句子放入原文的某個位置，注意：這一部分需要我們分析文章段落和句子間的邏輯關系。

　　句子要點題

　　問法：which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?

　　總結題

　　托福閱讀長難句分析

　　1. 從句（定語從句、狀語從句、同位語從句等）

　　This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valley.

　　這是一個由which引導的定語從句，先行詞是前面的trees。

　　2. 介詞短語

　　David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change (in the animal life)(around the fort)(during the period)(between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.)

　　在這句話中，括號里的都是介詞短語，做修飾成分。

　　?in the animal life做定語修飾前面的名詞change；

　　?around the fort做地點狀語修飾謂語動詞found，說明發現的地點；

　　?during the period和between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832做時間狀語修飾謂語動詞found，說明發現的地點。

　　3. 分詞(現在分詞、過去分詞)

　　This"atmospheric engine",invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed(outside the coal mines)(for which it had been designed.)

　　這句話中的過去分詞invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner做后置定語修飾前面的名詞engine。

　　4. 不定式

　　The growing power of the elite,who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.

　　不定式做目的狀語，表明給予他們方法的目的是什么。